PALM KERNEL SHELL

Palm kernel shell (PKS) is the hard outer shell or husk that covers the seed or kernel of the oil palm fruit. It is a byproduct of the palm oil extraction process, which primarily produces palm oil from the fruit’s flesh. After the palm oil is extracted, the palm kernel is separated, and the shell that encases it becomes palm kernel shell.

Characteristics

• Calorific Value: PKS have a calorific value ranging from approximately 4,000 to 4,500 kcal/kg, making it a relatively high-energy biomass fuel.
• Moisture Content: Ranges from 10% to 15%, but this can vary depending on processing and storage conditions.
• Color: Brown to black
• Appearance: Fibrous, hard outer shell

Uses

Biomass Energy: One of the primary uses of palm kernel shells is as a biomass fuel. PKS can be burned in biomass boilers to generate heat and electricity. They are considered a renewable energy source and are used in industries such as power plants, paper mills, and cement kilns.

Benefits

Renewable and Sustainable: PKS is a biomass residue from palm oil production, making it a renewable and sustainable energy source. It utilizes waste material that would otherwise be discarded or left to decompose.

High Energy Content: Palm kernel shells have a high calorific value compared to other biomass residues. This means they can produce a significant amount of energy when burned, making them efficient for energy generation.

Cost-Effective: In regions where palm oil production is prevalent, PKS can be a cost-effective fuel option. It reduces dependency on fossil fuels and can potentially lower energy costs for industries that use it.

Reduction of Waste Disposal: Utilizing PKS as fuel helps in managing waste from palm oil mills. It reduces the environmental impact of waste disposal and minimizes methane emissions from decomposing organic matter..

Carbon Neutral: When burned, PKS releases carbon dioxide, but the amount emitted is roughly equal to the amount absorbed by the palm trees during their growth. Therefore, PKS can be considered carbon neutral under proper management practices.

Versatility: PKS can be used in various combustion systems, including boilers and furnaces, to generate heat or electricity. It can also be processed into charcoal or activated carbon, adding to its versatility.

Local Economic Benefits: Using PKS can support local economies in palm oil-producing regions by creating additional revenue streams from waste products and reducing energy costs for local industries.